Description & Theory Of Operation: Testing: Solenoids

Disconnect all leads going to the solenoid. Disconnect the solenoid-to-starter motor connection at the solenoid. Tape the starter motor lead to the starter housing to prevent accidental motor engagement.
Connect a lead with a switch in it (remote starter switch) between the battery positive post and the ignition switch terminal (marked "S") of the solenoid. Connect the battery negative cable to the starter motor frame or solenoid body (ground).
Close the switch and Momentarily jumper the starter motor terminal of the solenoid to the starter motor frame (ground). The solenoid should engage and remain engaged. If the solenoid did not engage, the pull-in winding is defective.
NOTE: Do not leave the switch closed for long periods of time to prevent the solenoid windings from overheating.
Close the switch, but Do Not use the jumper. Manually pull out the starter drive assembly. The drive assembly should remain engaged until switch is opened at which time it should return without hesitation. If drive assembly does not remain engaged, hold-in winding is defective. If drive assembly does not return without hesitation, return spring is defective.

Fig 1: Solenoid With Coil Windings (Engaged)
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Fig 2: Solenoid Pull-In Winding Test
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Fig 3: Solenoid Hold-In Winding Test
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Fig 4: Solenoid Sealer Application
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Fig 5: Solenoid Terminal Identification
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Fig 6: Starter Relay (Typical)
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