Cylinder Block ASSY: Overhaul

WARNING: This page is about a different car, the 2004 Lexus LS 430. However, it is still accessible from the selected car via links, so may be relevant.

HINT:

Thoroughly clean all parts to be assembled.
Before installing the parts, apply new engine oil to all sliding and rotating surfaces.
Replace all gaskets, O-rings and oil seals with new parts.

REMOVE CYLINDER BLOCK DRAIN COCK SUB-ASSY AND WATER SEAL PLATE
1. Remove the 2 nuts and seal plate.
2. Remove the RH and LH drain unions.
  
  Fig 1: Removing Cylinder Block Drain Cock Sub-Assy And Water Seal Plate
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT CONNECTING ROD THRUST CLEARANCE
1. Using a dial indicator, measure the thrust clearance while moving the connecting rod back and forth.
  Standard thrust clearance:
  
  0.160 to 0.290 mm (0.0063 to 0.0138 in.)
  
  Maximum thrust clearance: 0.35 mm (0.0138 in.)
  
  If the thrust clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the connecting rod assembly (s).
  
  If necessary, replace the crankshaft.
  
  Connecting rod thickness:
  
  22.880 to 22.920 mm (0.9008 to 0.9024 in.)
  
  Fig 2: Inspecting Connecting Rod With Dial Indicator
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT CONNECTING ROD OIL CLEARANCE
1. Check that the matchmarks on the connecting rod and cap ensure correct reassembly.
2. Remove the 2 connecting rod cap bolts.
  
  Fig 3: Removing Bolts
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
3. Using the removed connecting rod cap bolts, remove the connecting rod cap and lower bearing by wiggling the connecting rod cap right and left.
  HINT:
  
  Keep the lower bearing inserted with the connecting rod cap.
4. Clean the crank pin and bearing.
5. Check the crank pin and bearing for pitting and scratches.
  If the crank pin or bearing is damaged, replace the bearings. If necessary, replace the crankshaft.
  
  Fig 4: Removing Connecting Rod Cap Bolts, Connecting Rod Cap And Lower Bearing
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
6. Lay a strip of Plastigage across the crank pin.
  
  Fig 5: Installing Strip Of Plastigage Across Crank Pin
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
7. Install the connecting rod cap with the 2 bolts (see step 22).
8. Remove the 2 bolts, connecting rod cap and lower bearing (see steps (b) and (c) above).
  
  Fig 6: Identifying Bolts
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
9. Measure the Plastigage at its widest point.
  Standard oil clearance:
  
  0.021 to 0.047 mm (0.0008 to 0.0019 in.)
  
  Maximum oil clearance: 0.059 mm (0.0023 in.)
  
  If the oil clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the bearings. If necessary, replace the crankshaft.
  
  Fig 7: Measuring Plastigage At Its Widest Point
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  HINT:
  
  If using a standard bearing, replace it with one that has the same number. If the number of the bearing cannot be determined, select the correct bearing by adding together the numbers imprinted on the connecting rod cap and crankshaft, then select the bearing with the same number as the total. There are 6 sizes of standard bearings, marked 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7.
  
  Fig 8: Identifying Number Mark
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  EXAMPLE:
  
  Connecting rod cap "3" + Crankshaft "1" =
  
  Total number 4 (Use bearing "4")
  
  Fig 9: Item Number Mark Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  Reference
  
  Connecting rod big end inside diameter:
  
  Fig 10: Connecting Rod Big End Inside Diameter Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  Crankshaft crank pin diameter:
  
  Fig 11: Crankshaft Crank Pin Diameter Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  Standard sized bearing center wall thickness:
  
  Fig 12: Standard Sized Bearing Center Wall Thickness Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
10. Completely remove the Plastigage.
4. REMOVE PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD
1. Using a ridge reamer, remove all the carbon from the top of the cylinder.
2. Push the piston, connecting rod assembly and upper bearing through the top of the cylinder block.
  HINT:
  - Keep the bearings, connecting rod and cap together.
  - Be sure to organize the removed piston and connecting rod assemblies in such a way that they can be reinstalled exactly as before.
    
    Fig 13: Identifying Ridge Reamer
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
REMOVE W/PIN PISTON SUB-ASSY
1. Check the fit between the piston and piston pin.
  1. Try to move the piston back and forth on the piston pin.
    If any movement is felt, replace the piston and pin with a new piston and pin set.
    
    Fig 14: Removing W/Pin Piston Sub-Assy
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Using a piston ring expander, remove the 2 compression rings.
  HINT:
  
  Be sure to organize the removed piston rings in such a way that they can be reinstalled exactly as before.
3. Remove the 2 side rails and oil ring by hand.
  
  Fig 15: Removing Compression Rings
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
4. Using a small screwdriver, pry out the 2 snap rings.
  
  Fig 16: Removing Snap Rings
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
5. Gradually heat the piston to approximately 60°C (140°F).
  
  Fig 17: Heating Piston
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
6. Using a plastic-faced hammer and brass bar, lightly tap out the piston and pin. Then remove the connecting rod.
  HINT:
  - The piston and pin are a matched set.
  - Be sure to organize the removed pistons, pins, rings, connecting rods and bearings in such a way that the parts can be reinstalled exactly as before.
    
    Fig 18: Using Plastic-Faced Hammer And Brass Bar
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT CRANKSHAFT THRUST CLEARANCE
1. Using a dial indicator, measure the thrust clearance while prying the crankshaft back and forth with a screwdriver.
  Standard thrust clearance:
  
  0.020 to 0.220 mm (0.0008 to 0.0087 in.)
  
  Maximum thrust clearance: 0.30 mm (0.0118 in.)
  
  If the thrust clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the thrust washers as a set.
  
  Fig 19: Inspecting Crankshaft Thrust Clearance
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  Thrust washer thickness:
  
  2.440 to 2.490 mm (0.0961 to 0.0980 in.)
7. INSPECT CRANKSHAFT OIL CLEARANCE
1. Remove the 10 crankshaft bearing cap bolts.
  
  Fig 20: Identifying Crankshaft Bearing Cap Bolts
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Uniformly loosen and remove the 20 crankshaft bearing cap bolts in the sequence shown in the illustration.
  
  Fig 21: Removing Crankshaft Bearing Cap Bolts
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
3. Using 2 screwdrivers, pry out the crankshaft bearing cap, and remove the 5 crankshaft bearing caps, 5 lower bearings and 2 lower thrust washers (No. 3 crankshaft bearing cap only).
  NOTE: Be careful not to damage the cylinder block.
  
  HINT:
  - Keep the lower bearing and bearing cap together.
    
    Fig 22: Removing Crankshaft Bearing Caps
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  - Be sure to organize the bearing caps and lower thrust washers in such a way that they can be reinstalled exactly as before.
4. Lift out the crankshaft.
5. Remove the 2 upper thrust washers.
  HINT:
  - Be sure to organize the removed upper thrust washers in such a way that they can be reinstalled exactly as before.
  - Keep the upper bearings together with the cylinder block.
6. Clean each crankshaft journal and bearing.
7. Check each crankshaft journal and bearing for pitting and scratches.
  If the journal or bearing is damaged, replace the bearings. If necessary, replace the crankshaft.
8. Install the 10 crankshaft bearings and 5 crankshaft bearing caps with the 30 bolts (see step 26). Do not install the crankshaft.
  
  Fig 23: Installing Crankshaft Bearings And Crankshaft Bearing Caps
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
9. Using a cylinder gauge, measure the inside diameter of the crankshaft bearing.
  Bearing inside diameter:
  
  66.986 to 67.000 mm (2.6372 to 2.6378 in.)
  
  Fig 24: Measuring Inside Diameter Of Crankshaft Bearing
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
10. Measure the diameter of the crankshaft journal (see step 17).
11. Subtract the crankshaft journal diameter measurement from the crankshaft bearing inside diameter measurement.
  Standard clearance:
  
  Fig 25: Standard Clearance Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  Maximum clearance:
  
  Fig 26: Maximum Clearance Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  If the oil clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the bearings. If necessary, replace the crankshaft.
  
  HINT:
  
  If using a standard bearing, replace it with one that has the same number. If the number of the bearing cannot be determined, select the correct bearing by adding together the numbers imprinted on the cylinder block and crankshaft, then refer to the on the next page for the appropriate bearing number. There are 5 sizes of the standard bearings. For No. 1 and No. 5 position bearings, use bearings marked 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. For others position bearings, use bearings marked 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
  
  No. 1, No. 5:
  
  Fig 27: Identifying Number Mark
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  EXAMPLE:
  
  Cylinder block "08" + Crankshaft "06" =
  
  Total number 14 (Use bearing "4" (Upper), "5" (Lower))
  
  Others:
  
  Fig 28: Bearing Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  EXAMPLE:
  
  Cylinder block "08" + Crankshaft "06" =
  
  Total number 14 (Use bearing "2" (Upper), "3" (Lower))
  
  Fig 29: Bearing Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  Reference
  
  Cylinder block crankshaft journal bore diameter (A):
  
  Fig 30: Cylinder Block Crankshaft Journal Bore Diameter (A) Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  Crankshaft journal diameter (B):
  
  Fig 31: Crankshaft Journal Diameter (B) Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  Standard bearing center wall thickness:
  
  No. 1 and No. 5
  
  Fig 32: Standard Bearing Center Wall Thickness Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  Others:
  
  Fig 33: Others Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
12. Remove the 10 bolts, 20 nuts, 5 crankshaft bearing caps and 5 lower crankshaft bearings (See steps (a) to (c) on the previous pages).
13. Remove the 5 upper crankshaft bearings from the cylinder block.
  HINT:
  
  Be sure to organize the bearing caps, bearings and thrust washers in such a way that they can be reinstalled exactly as before.
  
  Fig 34: Removing Crankshaft Bearing Caps And Lower Crankshaft Bearings
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
8. INSPECT CYLINDER BLOCK SUB-ASSY
1. Clean the cylinder block.
  1. Using a gasket scraper, remove all the gasket material from the top surface of the cylinder block.
  2. Using a soft brush and solvent, thoroughly clean the cylinder block.
    
    Fig 35: Removing Gasket Material From Top Surface Of Cylinder Block
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  NOTE: If the cylinder is washed at high temperatures, the cylinder liner sticks out beyond the cylinder block. Always wash the cylinder block at a temperature of 45°C (113°F) or less.
2. Inspect for warpage.
  1. Using a precision straight edge and feeler gauge, measure the surfaces contacting the cylinder head and main bearing cap for warpage.
    Maximum warpage: 0.07 mm (0.0028 in.)
    
    If the warpage is greater than the maximum, replace the cylinder block sub-assy.
    
    Fig 36: Measuring Warpage
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
3. Visually check the cylinder for vertical scratches.
  If deep scratches are present, replace the cylinder block sub-assy.
  
  Fig 37: Checking Cylinder For Vertical Scratches
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
4. Inspect the cylinder bore diameter.
  HINT:
  
  There are 3 sizes of the standard cylinder bore diameter, marked "1", "2" and "3" accordingly. The mark is stamped on the top of the cylinder block.
  
  If deep scratches are present, replace the cylinder block sub-assy.
  
  Fig 38: Inspecting Cylinder Bore Diameter
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  1. Using a cylinder gauge, measure the cylinder bore diameter at positions A and B in the thrust and axial directions.
    Standard diameter:
    
    Fig 39: Measuring Cylinder Bore Diameter In Thrust And Axial Directions
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    
    Maximum diameter: 91.149 mm (3.5885 in.)
    
    If the average of the diameter is greater than the maximum, replace the cylinder block.
    
    Fig 40: Standard Diameter Chart
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
5. Remove the cylinder ridge.
  If the wear is less than 0.2 m (0.008 in.), using a ridge reamer, grind the top of the cylinder.
  
  Fig 41: Removing Cylinder Ridge
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT W/PIN PISTON SUB-ASSY
1. Clean the piston.
  1. Using a gasket scraper, remove the carbon from the piston top.
    
    Fig 42: Removing Carbon From Piston Top
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  2. Using a groove cleaning tool or broken ring, clean the piston ring grooves.
    
    Fig 43: Cleaning Piston Ring Grooves
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  3. Using solvent and a brush, thoroughly clean the piston.
    NOTE: Do not use a wire brush.
    
    Fig 44: Using Solvent To Clean Piston
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Inspect the piston oil clearance.
  HINT:
  
  There are 3 standard piston diameter size, marked "1", "2" and "3". The mark is stamped on the piston top.
  1. Using a micrometer, measure the piston diameter at right angles to the piston pin center line, 28.1 mm (1.106 in.) from the piston head.
    Piston diameter:
    
    Fig 45: Piston Diameter Chart
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  2. Measure the cylinder bore diameter in the thrust directions (see step 1 above).
  3. Subtract the piston diameter measurement from the cylinder bore diameter measurement.
    Standard oil clearance:
    
    0.084 to 0.104 mm (0.0033 to 0.0041 in.)
    
    Maximum oil clearance: 0.124 mm (0.0049 in.)
    
    If the oil clearance is greater than the maximum, replace all the 8 pistons. If necessary, replace the cylinder block sub-assy.
    
    Fig 46: Identifying Marks
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  HINT:
  
  Use a new cylinder block:
  - Use a piston with the same number mark as the cylinder diameter marked on the cylinder block.
  - The shape of the piston varies for the LH and RH banks. The LH piston is marked with "3L" and the RH piston is marked with "3R".
    
    Fig 47: Identifying Marks
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
3. Inspect the piston pin fit.
  1. At 60°C (140°F), check that the piston pin can be pushed into the piston pin hole with your thumb.
    
    Fig 48: Checking Piston Pin
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
4. Using a micrometer, measure the piston pin diameter.
  Piston pin diameter:
  
  21.997 to 22.006 mm (0.8660 to 0.8664 in.)
  
  Fig 49: Measuring Piston Pin Diameter
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
10. INSPECT PISTON RING SET
1. Inspect the piston ring groove clearance.
  1. Using a feeler gauge, measure the clearance between a new piston ring and the wall of the ring groove.
    Ring groove clearance:
    
    Fig 50: Measuring Clearance Between New Piston Ring And Wall Of Ring Groove
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    
    If the clearance is not as specified, replace the piston.
    
    Fig 51: Ring Groove Clearance Chart
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Inspect the piston ring end gap.
  1. Insert the piston ring into the cylinder bore.
  2. Using a piston, push the piston ring a little beyond the bottom of the ring travel 105 mm (4.13 in.) from the top of the cylinder block.
    
    Fig 52: Measuring Piston Ring End Gap
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  3. Using a feeler gauge, measure the end gap.
    Standard end gap:
    
    Fig 53: Standard End Gap Chart
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    
    Maximum end gap:
    
    Fig 54: Maximum End Gap Chart
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    
    If the end gap is greater than the maximum, replace the piston ring. If the end gap is greater than the maximum, even with a new piston ring, replace the cylinder block sub-assy.
    
    Fig 55: Measuring End Gap
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT CONNECTING ROD SUB-ASSY
1. Using a rod aligner and feeler gauge, check the connecting rod alignment.
  1. Check if it is bent.
    Maximum bend:
    
    0.05 mm (0.0020 in.) per 100 mm (3.94 in.)
    
    If the bend is greater than the maximum, replace the connecting rod sub-assy.
    
    Fig 56: Inspecting Connecting Rod For Maximum Bend Sub-Assy
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  2. Check if it is twisted.
    Maximum twist:
    
    0.15 mm (0.0059 in.) per 100 mm (3.94 in.)
    
    If the twist is greater than the maximum, replace the connecting rod sub-assy.
    
    Fig 57: Inspecting Connecting Rod For Maximum Twist Sub-Assy
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT PISTON PIN OIL CLEARANCE
1. Inspect the piston pin oil clearance.
  1. Using a caliper gauge, measure the inside diameter of the connecting rod bushing.
    Bushing inside diameter:
    
    22.005 to 22.014 mm (0.8663 to 0.8667 in.)
    
    If the bushing inside diameter is not as specified, check the oil clearance.
  2. Subtract the piston pin diameter measurement (see step 10) from the bush inside diameter measurement.
    Standard oil clearance:
    
    0.005 to 0.011 mm (0.0002 to 0.0004 in.)
    
    Maximum oil clearance: 0.05 mm (0.0020 in.)
    
    If the oil clearance is greater than the maximum, replace the bush. If necessary, replace the piston and piston pin with a new piston and pin set.
    
    Fig 58: Installing Caliper Gauge
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
13. REMOVE CONNECTING ROD SMALL END BUSH
1. Using SST and a press, press out the bush.
  SST 09222-30010
  
  Fig 59: Using SST And Press
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT CONNECTING ROD BOLT
1. Using a vernier caliper, measure the tension portion of the connecting rod bolt.
  Standard diameter:
  
  7.200 to 7.300 mm (0.2835 to 0.2874 in.)
  
  Minimum diameter: 7.00 mm (0.2756 in.)
  
  If the diameter is less than the minimum, replace the bolt.
  
  Fig 60: Measuring Tension Portion Of Connecting Rod Bolt
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT CRANKSHAFT BEARING CAP BOLT
1. Using a vernier caliper, measure the tension portion diameter of the main bearing cap bolt.
  Standard diameter:
  
  7.500 to 7.600 mm (0.2953 to 0.2992 in.)
  
  Minimum diameter: 7.20 mm (0.2835 in.)
  
  If the diameter is less than the minimum, replace the cap bolt.
  
  Fig 61: Measuring Crankshaft Bearing Cap Bolt
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSPECT CRANKSHAFT
1. Inspect for circle runout.
  1. Place the crankshaft on V-blocks.
  2. Using a dial indicator, measure the circle runout at the center journal.
    Maximum circle runout: 0.08 mm (0.0031 in.)
    
    If the circle runout is greater than the maximum, replace the crankshaft.
    
    Fig 62: Inspecting Circle Runout
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Inspect the main journals and crank pins.
  1. Using a micrometer, measure the diameter of each main journal and crank pin.
    Main journal diameter:
    
    66.988 to 67.000 mm (2.6373 to 2.6378 in.)
    
    Crank pin diameter:
    
    51.982 to 52.000 mm (2.0465 to 2.0472 in.)
    
    If the diameter is not as specified, check the oil clearance (see steps 4 and 8). If necessary, replace the crankshaft.
  2. Check each main journal and crank pin for taper and out-of-round as shown in the illustration.
    Maximum taper and out-of-round:
    
    0.02 mm (0.0008 in.)
    
    If the taper and out-of-round is greater than the maximum, replace the crankshaft.
    
    Fig 63: Measuring Diameter Of Each Main Journal And Crank Pin
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSTALL CONNECTING ROD SMALL END BUSH
1. Align the oil holes of a new bush and the connecting rod.
  
  Fig 67: Installing Connecting Rod Small End Bush
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Using SST and a press, press in the bush.
  SST 09222-30010
  
  Fig 68: Using SST And A Press
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
3. Using a pin hole grinder, hone the bush to obtain the standard specified clearance (see step 13) between the bush and piston pin.
  
  Fig 69: Honing Bush
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
4. Check the piston pin fits at normal room temperature.
  1. Coat the piston pin with engine oil, and push it into the connecting rod with your thumb.
    
    Fig 70: Checking Piston Pin
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSTALL W/PIN PISTON SUB-ASSY
1. Using a small screwdriver, install a new snap ring on one side of the piston pin hole.
  
  Fig 71: Installing New Snap Ring
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Gradually heat the piston to about 60°C (140°F).
  
  Fig 72: Heating Pistons
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
3. Coat the piston pin with engine oil.
4. The piston's front mark and the connecting rod's outside mark should face the same direction, as shown in the illustration.
  NOTE: The installation directions of the piston and connecting rod are different for the LH and RH banks. The LH piston is marked with "3L" and the RH piston is marked with "3R".
5. Align the piston pin holes of the piston and connecting rod, and push in the piston pin with your thumb.
  
  Fig 73: Identifying Marks
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
6. Check the fit between the piston and piston pin.
  1. Try to move the piston back and forth on the piston pin.
    
    Fig 74: Checking Fit Between Piston And Piston Pin
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
7. Using a small screwdriver, install a new snap ring on the other side of the piston pin hole.
  
  Fig 75: Installing New Snap Ring
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
8. Install the oil ring expander and 2 side rails by hand.
9. Using a piston ring expander, install the 2 compression rings with the code mark facing upward.
  Code mark:
  
  Fig 76: Using Piston Ring Expander
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  Fig 77: Chose Mark Chart
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
10. Position the piston rings so that the ring ends are as shown in the illustration.
  NOTE: Do not align the ring ends.
  
  Fig 78: Identifying Position Of Piston Rings
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSTALL CONNECTING ROD BEARING
1. Align the bearing claw with the groove of the connecting rod or connecting cap.
2. Install the bearings in the connecting rod and connecting rod cap.
  
  Fig 79: Identifying Connecting Rod Bearing
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSTALL CRANKSHAFT BEARING
HINT:
- Main bearings come in widths of 19.5 mm (0.768 in.) and 22.5 mm (0.886 in.). Install the 22.5 mm (0.886 in.) bearings in the No. 1 and No. 5 cylinder block journal positions with the crankshaft bearing cap. Install the 19.5 mm (0.768 in.) bearings in the other positions.
- Upper bearings have an oil groove and oil holes; lower bearings do not.
  
  Fig 80: Identifying Crankshaft Bearing
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
1. Align the bearing claw with the claw groove of the cylinder block, and push in the 5 upper bearings.
  
  Fig 81: Aligning Bearing Claw With Claw Groove
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Align the bearing claw with the claw groove of the crankshaft bearing cap, and push in the 5 lower bearings.
  HINT:
  
  A number is marked on each bearing cap to indicate the installation position.
  
  Fig 82: Identifying Mark
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSTALL CRANKSHAFT THRUST WASHER SET
1. Install the 2 thrust washers under the No. 3 journal position of the cylinder block with the oil grooves facing outward.
  
  Fig 83: Installing Thrust Washers On Crankshaft Journal Position
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Install the 2 thrust washers on the No. 3 bearing cap with the grooves facing outward.
  
  Fig 84: Installing Thrust Washers On Bearing Cap
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSTALL CRANKSHAFT
1. Place the crankshaft on the cylinder block.
2. Install the 5 crankshaft bearing caps in their proper locations.
  
  Fig 85: Installing Crankshaft Bearing Caps
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  
  HINT:
  
  Place the bearing caps level and let them return to their original position by their own weight.
  
  NOTE: Do not install the bearing cap by tapping it.
  
  Fig 86: Placing Bearing Caps Level
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
3. Install the crankshaft bearing cap bolts.
  HINT:
  - The bearing cap bolts are tightened in 2 progressive steps (steps ( 2) and ( 4)).
  - If any one of the bearing cap bolts is broken or deformed, replace it.
  1. Apply a light coat of engine oil on the threads and under the crankshaft bearing cap bolts.
  2. Install and uniformly tighten the 20 crankshaft bearing cap bolts in several passes in the sequence shown in the illustration.
    Torque: 27 N.m (275 kgf.cm, 20 ft.lbf)
    
    If any one of the bearing cap bolts does not meet the torque specification, replace the bearing cap bolt.
    
    Fig 87: Installing Bolts
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  3. Mark the front of the crankshaft bearing cap bolt with paint.
  4. Retighten the crankshaft bearing cap bolts by 90° in the sequence shown in the illustration.
  5. Check that the painted mark is now at a 90° angle to the front.
    
    Fig 88: Checking Painted Mark
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  6. Install a new seal washer to the crankshaft bearing cap bolt.
  7. Install and uniformly tighten the 10 crankshaft bearing cap bolts.
    Torque: 49 N.m (500 kgf.cm, 36 ft.lbf)
4. Check that the crankshaft turns smoothly.
5. Check the crankshaft thrust clearance (see step 7).
  
  Fig 89: Installing Crankshaft Bearing Cap Bolts
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
26. INSTALL PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD
1. Using a piston ring compressor, push the correctly numbered piston and connecting rod assemblies into each cylinder with the front mark of the piston facing forward.
  NOTE: The shape of the piston varies for the LH and RH banks. The LH piston is marked with "3L" and the RH piston is marked with "3R".
  
  Fig 90: Installing Piston And Connecting Rod
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Place the connecting rod cap on the connecting rod.
  1. Match the numbered connecting rod cap with the connecting rod.
  2. Align the pin groove of the connecting rod cap with the pins of the connecting rod, and install the connecting rod cap.
    
    Fig 91: Installing Connecting Rod Cap On Connecting Rod
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  3. Check that the outside mark of the connecting rod cap is facing in correct direction.
    
    Fig 92: Checking Connecting Rod Facing
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
3. Install the connecting rod cap bolts.
  HINT:
  - The connecting rod cap bolts are tightened in 2 progressive steps (see steps 2) and ( 4)).
  - If any one of the connecting rod cap bolts is broken or deformed, replace it.
  1. Apply a light coat of engine oil on the threads and under the heads of the connecting rod cap bolts.
  2. Install and alternately tighten the 2 connecting rod cap bolts in several passes.
    Torque: 24.5 N.m (250 kgf.cm, 18 ft.lbf)
    
    If any one of the connecting rod cap bolts does not meet the torque specification, replace the connecting rod cap bolts.
    
    Fig 93: Installing Connecting Rod Cap Bolts
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  3. Mark the front of the connecting cap bolt with paint.
  4. Retighten the cap bolts 90° as shown in the illustration.
  5. Check that the painted mark is now at a 90° angle to the front.
4. Check that the crankshaft turns smoothly.
5. Check the connecting rod thrust clearance (see step 3).
  
  Fig 94: Checking Painted Mark
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
INSTALL WATER SEAL PLATE
1. Remove any old packing (FIPG) material and be careful not to drop any oil on the contact surfaces of the seal plate and cylinder block.
  - Using a razor blade and gasket scraper, remove all the old packing (FIPG) material from the gasket surfaces and sealing groove.
  - Thoroughly clean all components to remove all loose material.
  - Using a non-residue solvent, clean both sealing surfaces.
    
    Fig 95: Installing Water Seal Plate
    Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Apply seal packing to the seal plate as shown in the illustration.
  Seal packing: Part No. 08826-00080 or equivalent
  - Install a nozzle that has been cut to a 2 to 3 mm (0.08 to 0.12 in.) opening.
  - Parts must be assembled within 5 minutes of application. Otherwise the material must be removed and reapplied.
  - Immediately remove the nozzle from the tube and reinstall the cap.
3. Install the seal plate with the 2 nuts. Alternately tighten the nuts in several passes.
  Torque: 14 N.m (143 kgf.cm, 10 ft.lbf)
INSTALL CYLINDER BLOCK WATER DRAIN COCK SUB-ASSY
1. Apply seal packing to 2 or 3 threads.
  Seal packing: Part No. 08826-00100 or equivalent
  
  Fig 96: Installing Cylinder Block Water Drain Cock Sub-Assy
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
2. Install the RH and LH drain unions.
  Torque: 49 N.m (500 kgf.cm, 36 ft.lbf)
  
  HINT:
  
  After applying the specified torque, rotate the drain union clockwise until its drain port is facing forward.
  
  Fig 97: Installing Drain Unions
  Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002