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Front Wheel Alignment: Adjustment

NOTE: For vehicles equipped with VSC, if the wheel alignment has been adjusted, and if suspension or underbody components have been removed/installed or replaced, be sure to perform the following initialization procedure in order for the system to function normally:
  1. Disconnect the negative battery terminal for more than 2 seconds.
  2. Reconnect the negative battery terminal.
  3. Perform zero point calibration of the yaw rate and acceleration sensor and test mode inspection.

(See CALIBRATION )

  1. INSPECT TIRES  (See INSPECTION )
  2. MEASURE VEHICLE HEIGHT 

    Vehicle height (unloaded vehicle) 

    VEHICLE HEIGHT SPECIFICATIONS

    Front A-B Rear C-D
    91 mm (3.58 in.) 26 mm (1.02 in.)

    Measuring points: 

    A: 

    Ground clearance of front wheel center 

    B: 

    Ground clearance of front lower arm set front bolt center 

    C: 

    Ground clearance of rear wheel center 

    D: 

    Ground clearance of axle beam set bolt center 

    Fig 1: Identifying Vehicle Height
    G05400858Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    NOTE: Before inspecting the wheel alignment, check the vehicle height.

    HINT:

    Bounce the vehicle up and down at the corners to stabilize the suspension before inspecting the vehicle height.

  3. INSPECT WHEEL TURNING ANGLE 
    1. Fully turn the steering wheel left and right, and measure the wheel turning angle.
      Fig 2: Identifying Wheel Turning Angle
      G05400859Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

      Wheel turning angle (unloaded vehicle) 

      WHEEL TURNING ANGLE SPECIFICATIONS

      Tire Size Inside Wheel Outside Wheel (Reference)
      195/60R16 89H 32°38' +/- 2° (32.63° +/- 2°) 29°37' (29.62°)

      If the right and left inside wheel angles are not within the specified range, check the right and left rack end lengths.

  4. INSPECT CAMBER, CASTER AND STEERING AXIS INCLINATION 
    1. Put the front wheel on the center of the alignment tester.
      2. Fig 3: Attaching Alignment Tester To Wheel
      G05400860Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    2. Remove the wheel cap.
    3. Set the camber-caster-steering axis inclination gauge at the center of the axle hub or drive shaft.
    4. Inspect the camber, caster and steering axis inclination.

      Camber, caster and steering axis inclination (unloaded vehicle) 

      CAMBER, CASTER AND STEERING AXIS INCLINATION SPECIFICATIONS

      Camber Caster Steering Axis Inclination (Reference)
      -0°11' +/- 45' (-0.18° +/- 0.75°) 4°51' +/- 451 (4.85° +/- 0.75°) 11°22' (11.37°)
      NOTE:
      • Perform the inspection while the vehicle is empty (without a spare tire or tools on board).
      • The tolerance for the difference between the left and right wheels is 30' (0.5°) or less for both the camber and caster.
    5. Remove the camber-caster-steering axis inclination gauge and attachment.
    6. Install the wheel cap.

      If the caster and steering axis inclination are not within the specified values after the camber has been correctly adjusted, recheck the suspension parts for damage and wear.

  5. ADJUST CAMBER 
    NOTE: Inspect the toe-in after the camber has been adjusted.
    1. Remove the front wheel.
    2. Remove the bolt and separate the speed sensor and flexible hose.
      Fig 4: Locating Bolt And Speed Sensor
      G04831953Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    3. Remove the 2 nuts from the lower side of the shock absorber.

      HINT:

      Keep the bolt from rotating while loosening and removing the nuts.

      Fig 5: Locating Nuts And Lower Side Of Shock Absorber
      G04832040Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    4. Clean the installation surfaces of the shock absorber and steering knuckle.
    5. Provisionally install the 2 nuts (Step  a).
    6. Fully push or pull the axle hub in the direction of the required adjustment (Step  b).
      Fig 6: Adjusting Axle Hub
      G04832041Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    7. Tighten the 2 nuts.

      Torque: 164 N*m (1672 kgf*cm, 121 ft.*lbf) 

      HINT:

      Keep the bolt from rotating while loosening and removing the nuts.

      Fig 7: Locating Nuts
      G04832040Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    8. Install the flexible hose and speed sensor with the bolt.

      Torque: 29 N*m (300 kgf*cm, 22 ft.*lbf) 

      NOTE: Install the flexible hose and speed sensor without twisting them.
      Fig 8: Locating Bolt And Speed Sensor
      G04831953Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    9. Install the front wheel.

      Torque: 103 N*m (1050 kgf*cm, 76 ft.*lbf) 

    10. Check the camber.

      If the measured value is not within the specifications, calculate the required adjustment amount using the formula below.

      (Camber adjustment amount) = Center of specified range - Measured value

      Check the combination of installed bolts. Select appropriate bolts from the table below to adjust the camber to within the specified range.

      Fig 9: Identifying Bolts
      G04832044Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

      HINT:

      Try to adjust the camber to the center of the specified range.

      CAMBER CHART

      Move axle toward (+) in step (B) Refer to Fig 10
      Move axle toward (-) in step (B) Refer to Fig 11
    11. Table (1) (Move the axle toward the positive side)
      Fig 10: Adjusting Value And Bolt Chart
      G04832045Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    12. Table (2) (Move the axle toward the negative side).
      Fig 11: Adjusting Value And Bolt Chart
      G04832046Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

      The body and suspension may be damaged if the camber is not correctly adjusted in accordance with the above table.

      NOTE: Replace the nut with a new one when replacing the bolt.
    13. Repeat the steps mentioned above. At step (A), replace 1 or 2 selected bolts.

      HINT:

      Replace one bolt at a time when replacing 2 bolts.

  6. INSPECT TOE-IN 
    1. Bounce the vehicle up and down at the corners to stabilize the suspension.
    2. Release the parking brake and move the shift lever to the neutral position.
    3. Push the vehicle straight ahead approximately 5 m (16.4 ft.). (*1)
    4. Put tread center marks on the rearmost points of the front wheels and measure the distance between the marks (dimension B).
      5. Fig 12: Identifying Tread Centre Mark
      G05400869Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    5. Slowly push the vehicle straight ahead to cause the front wheels to rotate 180° using the front tire valve as a reference point.

      HINT:

      Do not allow the wheels to rotate more than 180°. If the wheels rotate more than 180°, perform the procedure from (*1) again.

    6. Measure the distance between the tread center marks on the front side of the wheels (dimension A).
      Fig 13: Identifying Distance Between Tread Center Marks On Front Side Of Wheels
      G05400870Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002

      Toe-in 

      TOE-IN SPECIFICATIONS

      Item Specified Condition
      Toe-in (total) B-A:1.4 +/ -2.0 mm (0.06 +/- 0.08 in.)

      If the toe-in is not within the specified value, adjust it at the rack ends.

  7. ADJUST TOE-IN 
    1. Measure the thread lengths of the right and left rack ends.

      Standard: 

      Difference in thread length of 1.5 mm (0.059 in.) or less 

      Fig 14: Identifying Thread Lengths Of Right And Left Rack Ends
      G04832035Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
    2. Remove the rack boot set clips.
    3. Loosen the tie rod end lock nuts.
    4. Adjust the rack ends if the difference in thread length between the right and left rack ends is not within the specified range.
      1. Extend the shorter rack end if the measured toe-in deviates toward the outer-side.
      2. Shorten the longer rack end if the measured toe-in deviates toward the inner-side.
    5. Turn the right and left rack ends by an equal amount to adjust the toe-in.

      HINT:

      Try to adjust the toe-in to the center of the specified range.

    6. Make sure that the lengths of the right and left rack ends are the same.

      Toe-in: 

      1.4 +/-1.0 mm (0.06 +/- 0.04 in.) 

    7. Tighten the tie rod end lock nuts to the specified torque.

      Torque: 75 N*m (760 kgf*cm, 55 ft.*lbf) 

      NOTE: Provisionally tighten the lock nut while holding the hexagonal part of the steering rack end so that the lock nut and the steering rack end do not turn together. Hold the width across flat of the tie rod end and tighten the lock nut.
    8. Place the boots on the seats.
    9. Using pliers, install the clip as shown in the illustration.
      NOTE: Make sure that the boots are not twisted.
      Fig 15: Identifying Clip Angle
      G04832036Courtesy of © TOYOTA, LICENSE AGREEMENT TMS1002
  8. FRONT WHEELS FACING STRAIGHT AHEAD 
  9. DISCONNECT CABLE FROM NEGATIVE BATTERY TERMINAL (w/ VSC) 
    NOTE: Disconnect the negative battery terminal for more than 2 seconds.
  10. CONNECT CABLE TO NEGATIVE BATTERY TERMINAL (w/ VSC) 
  11. PERFORM YAW RATE SENSOR ZERO POINT CALIBRATION (w/VSC) 

    (See CALIBRATION )

  12. CHECK STEERING ANGLE SENSOR ZERO POINT CALIBRATION (w/ VSC) 

    (See DTC C1290/66 STEERING ANGLE SENSOR ZERO POINT MALFUNCTION )

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