Exhaust System
The exhaust system primarily consists of four sections. Manifold (and turbocharger (TC) if the engine is turbocharged), three-way catalytic converter (TWC), heated oxygen sensors (HO2S) and muffler. The exhaust system is manufactured from chromium steel sections welded together.
The pipes are specific lengths so that the gases flowing from the cylinders do not interfere with each other and so that there is good flow distribution in the three way catalytic converter (TWC). There is a boot on the three way catalytic converter (TWC) to absorb engine movements and any manufacturing and installation tolerances.
Heated oxygen sensors (HO2S) are used to control the engine and monitor the three way catalytic converter (TWC). One heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) before and one heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) between the stones. In the B5244S7 an additional heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) is located in the manifold.
The entire exhaust system is manufactured in chromium steel. A three-way catalytic converter (TWC) consists of perforated ceramic beads or metal substrates. These are coated with a washcoat. The washcoat contains precious metals among other things.