Lubrication System
The oil is led from the oil pan via a suction piece to the oil pump. The oil pump is located on the cylinder block. The oil is then pumped onwards to the oil cooling system and then to the oil filter.
The oil flows from the filter through a cast oil duct in the intermediate section to the main bearings. The oil then flows through bored channels in the crankshaft to the connecting rod bearings. The camshafts are supplied with oil by a bored channel in the cylinder block. The channel runs through the cylinder head, where it flows out at the bottom of the upper half of the cylinder head. There is a cross duct in the channel to the cylinder head which carries oil to the pistons via a piston cooling valve. The oil flows on via an oil duct to the bearing for the left-hand camshaft and the valve lifters (intake side).
The bearings for the right-hand side camshaft (exhaust side) are supplied by a cast cross duct at the front edge of the upper half. This cast cross duct also supplies pressurized oil to the solenoids for the VVT unit. Drain holes in the cylinder block release the oil from the cylinder head and crankshaft bearing back to the oil pan.
Oil filter
The filter is an environment filter which filters out any dirt particles from the oil. The oil flow from the outside into the filter. If the filter becomes blocked, the by-pass valve opens so that the oil can pass the filter. This ensures that the engine is always lubricated with oil.
Piston cooling valve
The piston cooling valve regulates the oil flow by letting oil through the piston cooling nozzles.
Oil pump
The oil pump pumps oil from the oil pan via channels in the intermediate section and cylinder block into the cylinder head and onwards in the system. The oil pump is placed on the crankshaft. A gear (duo-centric) reduces the flow of oil, increasing the pressure. This results in a pulse action which forces out the oil. The oil can only flow in one direction.